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Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Cyperus

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with short, woody rhizomes.

Stems: culms 10–50 cm tall, (much shorter than leaves) 2–5 mm in diameter near base, base thickly clothed with leaf sheaths 3–20 cm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves numerous, crowded. Leaves numerous, crowded. Blades linear shorter than or longer than the culm, 3–8 mm wide. Blades coriaceous. Margins recurved. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths tinged brown, pale brown, or reddish brown, eventually splitting into parallel fibers. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences simple or partially compound, umbelliform or contracted and head-like, 1.5–4 cm long, 3– 8 cm wide, rays 3–11, 0.3–3 cm long, rarely further branched, spikes 5–12, ovoid or ellipsoid-cylindrical, 1–2 cm long, 0.8–1 cm in diameter, simple, rarely developing a smaller lateral spike at base, densely bearing numerous spikelets, the bracteoles hispid–scabrous on midnerve; involucral bracts 5–12, divergent to reflexed, 2–25 cm long, much longer than the inflorescence; spikelets bearing 2–3 glumes and 1–2 fertile flowers, erect to spreading, often curved upward, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, moderately flattened, 3.5–4 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, apex acute; glumes herbaceous with rather broad hyaline margins, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3–4.5 mm long, 1–1.3 mm wide, strongly folded, 7–nerved or 9–nerved, the midnerve prominently to weakly spinulose–scabrous. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Achenes linear–oblong; trigonous; 1.5–2.2 mm long; ca. 0.4 mm wide. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring on shallow soil on coastal cliffs or among rocks on beaches.

Elevation Range: 0–10 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Kaho'olawe Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1423 (K, Mo, L, M, H [as Mariscus phleoides subsp. phleoides]); Wagner & Herbst 1995:18 (Ka); Tucker 1994:87/Wagner & Herbst 1999:1900 (Syn. M. p. subsp. phleoides = C. p. var. phleoides)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Aukuu Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 258 Lanai BISH 1915-02-22
2 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides W Maui District, coastal cliffs by Puu Koae Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 385 Maui BISH 1978-10-30
3 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Camp 10 Road, just past Waineke Swamp Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6044 Kauai BISH 1988-04-09
4 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Windward side Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6166 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
5 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Maunalei Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 515 Lanai BISH 1930-02-11
6 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Haleakala, lower ditch trail Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 798 Maui BISH 1922-10-14
7 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Windward side Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6166 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
8 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Olowalu Valley, edge of stream Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2263 Maui BISH 1920-05-08
9 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides W Maui, Kahakuloa, Hulu Island Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 45 Maui BISH 1981-08-20
10 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Puu Koae, Kahakuloa, exposed grassy windward slope Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 24719 Maui BISH 1951-12-23
11 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides By trailhead of Upper Wailuku River Trail Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-06-21
12 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Keopukaloa Tufts on cliff in gulch. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12739 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
13 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Wailau Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 525 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
14 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa pali trail, near top Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Molokai BISH 1922-07-25
15 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides West of Kauhola Light, Kohala On earth within few feet of edge of ocean cliffs Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21925 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-23
16 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa Trail, on basalt cliffs Tufts on grassy ledges. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25239 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
17 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Makawao District, Aleale Stack, near Puu Koae Mixed Native Coastal Shrubland with Portulaca molokiniensis, P. villosa, Senna gaudichaudii, Chamaesyce celastroides var. amplectens, Chamaesyce sp., Capparis, Lipochaeta lavarum, Bidens mauiensis, Sida fallax, Doryopteris decipiens, Panicum torridum, P. fauriei var. latius, Eragrostis atropioides, Ipomoea tuboides; indications of Bulwers Petrel and Wedgetail Shearwater nesting sites. Weeds: Waltheria, Emilia fosbergii, Chloris barbata, Nicotiana glauca. Preserved_Specimen 50+ plants on stack; in flower and fruit; east aspect. Wood, K.R. 1726 Kahoolawe BISH 1992-03-18
18 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Growing between Pohaku Malumalu and Kepuhi Point In wet pocket by seepage area. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2400 Kauai BISH 1972-04-27
19 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Paokalani islet, 150 m offshore of Honokea Stream, 270x85 m Lantana camara, Pluchea carolinensis, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Schiedea globosa, Chenopodium oahuense, Cocculus orbiculatus, Eragrostis variabilis, Plectranthus parviflorus, Dodonaea viscosa, Psydrax odorata, Chamaesyce celastroides Preserved_Specimen sedge, clumping Wood, K.R. 11216 Hawaii BISH 2005-04-14
20 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa Trail, on basalt cliffs Tufts on grassy ledges. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25239 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
21 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Hanalei Distr., Pilaa, Kepuhi Point Growing in seepage area on steep, shaded slope back of beach. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2400 Kauai BISH 1972-04-27
22 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Mokapu Islet dry; Chamaesyce celastroides, Chenopodium oahuense, Diospyros sandwicensis, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Cassytha filiformis, Artemisia australis, Sida fallax, Plumbago zeylanica, Dianella sandwicensis, Melanthera integrifolia, Lepidium bidentatum Preserved_Specimen terrestrial sedge; culms stiff, erect; spikelets dark brown when mature Wood, K.R. 11717 Molokai BISH 2006-01-10
23 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kau Forest Reserve, Mt. House Trail Common along roadside. Wet w/ tree ferns, Metrosideros, Tibouchina Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 203 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-04
24 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa Trail, on basalt cliffs Tufts on grassy ledges. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25239 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
25 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Maliku, near Paia Grassy ledges facing ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21947 Maui BISH 1952-02-26
26 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa Trail, on basalt cliffs Tufts on grassy ledges. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25239 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
27 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Maliku, near Paia Grassy ledges facing ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21947 Maui BISH 1952-02-26
28 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Hamakua Distr., Kailikaula Cliffs and Stream; on open basalt walls Metrosideros-Osteomeles-Chamaesyce Lowland Mesic Forest and cliff with riparian communities. Associated species: Carex spp., Dianella, Canthium, Eragrostis, Diospyros, Dodonaea, Alyxia. Threats: Psidium spp., Oplismenus, Coix, Rubus rosifolius, Schinus, Lantana. Preserved_Specimen Culm light green. Wood, K.R. 4868 Hawaii BISH 1995-12-14
29 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Windward side of island, Anapuhi to Wainene, long coastal boulder-strewn beach with vertical cliff at back 10-30 m from water Cliff with Artemisia australis, Chenopodium oahuense, Schiedea globosa, Kalanchoe pinnata, Tetramolopium sylvae, Lythrum maritimum, and Hedyotis littoralis, among others. Back of rocky area near hala stand. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5742 Molokai BISH 1987-08-01
30 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides West Maui, Wailuku District, Kahakuloa, between Puu Koae and Puu Kahulianapa. Associated vegetation: Scaevola Coastal Shrubland with Lycium, Sesuvium, Fimbristylis, Cyperus, Chenopodium, Schiedea, Osteomeles, Sida, Lipochaeta, Panicum, Eragrostis, Schenkia, Lysimachia, Pseudognaphalium, Schinus, Digitaria, Lantana, Anagallis, Desdomium. Preserved_Specimen Occasional on slopes. Oppenheimer, H.L. 41509 Maui BISH 2015-04-02
31 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Nahiku Along the beach, between stones. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8755 Maui BISH 1911-05-10
32 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Makawao District, Aleale stack; near Puu Koae 50 deg NE aspect; mixed native coastal shrubland w/Senna gaudichaudii, Lipochaeta lavarum, Waltheria, Chamaesyce celastroides var. amplectens, Bidens mauiensis, Panicum torridum, Eragrostis cf. atropioides; Occuring in shallow soil amidst talus; upper section of stack. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 2152 Kahoolawe BISH 1992-11-24
33 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Koa Mesic Forest at 3250 ft on a ridge beneath a of canopy of 7- 8m Acacia koa, Psychotria, Dodonaea, Coprosma and Myrsine with a understory of native ferns, sedges, Trisetum inaequale and Liparis Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 919 Maui BISH 1991-07-09
34 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Keopukaloa Tufts on cliff in gulch. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12739 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
35 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides West of Kauhola Light, Kohala On earth within few feet of edge of ocean cliffs. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21925 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-23
36 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa Trail, on basalt cliffs Tufts on grassy ledges. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25239 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
37 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides W Maui, Kahakuloa Windswept grassland near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21959 Maui BISH 1952-02-28
38 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Niulii, Kohala Dry exposed coast. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8461 Hawaii BISH 1928-08-06
39 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa Trail, on basalt cliffs Tufts on grassy ledges. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25239 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
40 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides East Maui, Hana District, Hana, Kauiki Head, on SE side of Hana Bay Secondary forest dominated by Casuarina, Terminalia, Syzygium, Ardisia, and Lantana. On open, steep cinder faces on northeast slope. With Scaevola, Ipomoea, Bidens, Morinda, and Vigna. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2412 Maui BISH 1987-10-10
41 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides W Maui, Kahakuloa Windswept grassland near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21959 Maui BISH 1952-02-28
42 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Aukuu, slopes of Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 403 Lanai BISH 1915-02-22
43 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Hoolehua Dry cliffs overlooking ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8433 Molokai BISH 1928-05-04
44 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides W Maui, Honokohau On side of cliff. Preserved_Specimen Occasional. Hosaka, E.Y. 1779 Maui BISH 1937-02-10
45 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Near main road, Kaaukuu [sp?] Gulch, West Molokai Dry grassy slope far from ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22206 Molokai BISH 1952-03-16
46 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Maunalei Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 827 Lanai BISH 1930-02-11
47 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Wailau Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 7058 Molokai BISH 1910-04-20
48 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Pauwela Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1104 Maui BISH 1967-04-04
49 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides East slope of Koko Crater Preserved_Specimen Bergman, H.F. Oahu BISH 1927-10-01
50 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Maliku, on the shore Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8755 Maui BISH 1911-05-01
51 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Aukuu, slopes of Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 403 Lanai BISH 1915-02-22
52 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Near Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1757 Oahu BISH 1912-02-16
53 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Mui Zoological & Botanical Gardens. Originally from Pauwela Point Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 36 Maui BISH 1978-07-03
54 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides W Maui, Kahakuloa Windswept grassland near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21959 Maui BISH 1952-02-28
55 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa Trail, on basalt cliffs Tufts on grassy ledges. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25239 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
56 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kaaukuu Gulch, West Molokai, near main road Dry grassy slope far from ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22206 Molokai BISH 1952-03-16
57 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Alau, Maui on north wall and sheer bowl facing east and east ridge of large hill Preserved_Specimen Rare. Few clumps, two on north wall, one on sheer bowl facing east, one of east ridge of large hill. Starr, F. 5040526 Maui BISH 2005-04-05
58 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Kalaupapa; Papapaiki, E coastal side, fence Preserved_Specimen perennial sedge Wysong, M.L. 578 Molokai BISH 2005-01-12
59 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides E Maui District, Keopuka Rock, off the N coast of E Maui Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1399 Maui BISH 1982-05-16
60 Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides E Maui District, Alau Island, easternmost coast of E Maui Preserved_Specimen Largest plants I have seen, a full 3 ft. tall. Hobdy, R.W. 1304 Maui BISH 1982-03-07
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